What is ‘braking action’ in aviation?

Braking action in aviation is a critical safety factor that indicates the effectiveness of the aircraft brakes during landing and taxiing. This measure helps pilots assess how well the braking system can slow down or stop the aircraft on the runway or taxiway. Factors affecting braking action include runway conditions such as wet, icy, or contaminated surfaces, which can significantly alter how well the brakes perform.

When pilots receive reports on braking action, they can make informed decisions regarding approach speeds, landing distances, and safety margins. Understanding the effectiveness of the brakes allows for more precise control and handling of the aircraft, particularly in varying weather conditions.

The other options do not capture the essence of braking action as accurately. For instance, while the time taken for wheels to stop is an aspect of braking performance, it does not encompass the broader effectiveness of the braking system under different conditions. Similarly, wear and tear on landing gear and the speed at which brakes can be applied are related to the maintenance and operational aspects of the aircraft but do not directly define braking action itself.