What factors could impact the center of gravity of an aircraft?

The center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft is crucial for its stability and performance during flight. The weight and distribution of passengers and cargo have a direct effect on the CG. When the weight within the aircraft is altered, such as by adding or subtracting passengers and cargo, the position of the CG shifts accordingly. For example, if additional cargo is loaded towards the tail of the aircraft, the CG will move rearward, which can affect handling characteristics and stability.

In contrast, while aircraft design and engine type may influence the overall parameters of the aircraft, they do not change during flight or impact the CG with each flight. Flight altitude and speed, although important for other aspects of flight, do not affect the CG placement. Weather and air temperature can influence aircraft performance and systems but do not directly change the CG. Thus, the distribution and weight of the items within the aircraft is the primary factor that directly impacts the center of gravity.